6 Lone Star Tick Diseases You Can Get From an Infected Bite
The Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is an aggressive tick species commonly found in the southeastern and eastern United States. Unlike some other ticks, it actively seeks out hosts and can transmit several serious illnesses through a single bite. Knowing the risks can help you recognize symptoms early and seek proper medical care.
1. Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is one of the most common diseases spread by the Lone Star tick. It is caused by bacteria that attack white blood cells.
Symptoms may include:
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
If untreated, ehrlichiosis can become severe, especially in older adults or people with weakened immune systems.
2. Tularemia
Tularemia, sometimes called “rabbit fever,” is a rare but potentially serious bacterial infection.
Common symptoms:
- Sudden fever
- Skin ulcers at the bite site
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat or cough
Early antibiotic treatment is highly effective.
3. Heartland Virus Disease
Heartland virus is a tick-borne viral illness linked specifically to the Lone Star tick. There is no specific antiviral treatment.
Symptoms often include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Low white blood cell and platelet counts
Severe cases may require hospitalization.
4. Bourbon Virus Disease
Bourbon virus is another rare but serious virus transmitted by Lone Star ticks.
Possible symptoms:
- Fever
- Rash
- Body aches
- Extreme fatigue
Because it is rare, diagnosis can be challenging, and treatment focuses on supportive care.
5. Southern Tick–Associated Rash Illness (STARI)
STARI causes a rash similar to the one seen in Lyme disease, although it is not caused by the Lyme bacteria.
Key signs include:
- Red, expanding rash near the bite
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle pain
The long-term effects of STARI are still being studied.
6. Alpha-Gal Syndrome (Red Meat Allergy)
One of the most unusual conditions linked to Lone Star ticks is alpha-gal syndrome. The bite can trigger an immune reaction that causes an allergy to red meat and other mammal-derived products.
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Symptoms may include:
- Hives or itching
- Gastrointestinal distress
- Swelling
- Anaphylaxis in severe cases
Reactions often occur hours after eating red meat.
How to Protect Yourself
- Use insect repellents with DEET or permethrin
- Wear long sleeves and pants in wooded areas
- Check your body and clothing after outdoor activities
- Remove ticks promptly and properly
Final Thoughts
Lone Star tick bites can lead to a range of illnesses—from bacterial infections to viral diseases and even long-term allergies. Early recognition and prevention are key. If you develop symptoms after a tick bite, seek medical attention promptly.
